The article considers modern approaches to assessment at schools based on the analysis of various assessment scales (range from three to one hundred points). The pedagogical regularities influencing the choice of assessment scales are determined, in particular: 1) increase of quantitative parameters of the assessment scale; 2) the use of a tribal rating scale for one-element answers; 3) the use of indirect evaluation with a significant amount of evaluation scale; 4) application of mathematical methods of transition from qualitative parameters to quantitative indicators of estimation; 5) taking into account the level of structure of the subject and the relationship between learning and development of subjects of study. Finally, we propose three secondary school testing and evaluation systems models that provide mathematical, humanities and general education. To identify the causal effects from different assessment scales, we conduct an educational experiment and a large-scale online survey in Ukrainian schools from 2019-2021. As a result of experimental research, we allocate the essential elements of testing and estimation activity: educational parameters, the structure of components of knowledge of a subject, criteria, a scale of estimations, an interval scale of transition to assessments, forms of final and local testing. The findings suggest that the developed approaches to assessing high school students’ educational achievements are more effective than traditional ones. They encourage schoolchildren motivation to learn, in particular, in performing independent (especially homework) tasks. The obtained data confirm the need to use new approaches to assessing student achievement.

The article raises the issue of the lack of a list of current key competencies required by the modern labor market of the garment industry in the State Standards of Vocational Education for the professions «Tailor» and «Cutter». The author analyzes the legislative and regulatory documents related to the topic of key competences of future skilled workers in the sewing profile; compared the results of the study of the labor market of the garment industry on the demand for key competences. The actual abilities of future tailors and cutters, which are necessary for their professional success, increase of competitiveness, formation of professional mobility and adaptation in the labor market of the garment industry, are determined. It is emphasized that creativity in the context of garment production is the basis for the development of many key competences of future garment professionals. The expediency of introducing the definition of «integral key competence of future skilled sewing workers» is substantiated. The definition of integral key competence of future skilled workers of a sewing profile is given and its structure consisting of value-motivational, cognitive-activity and personal-reflexive components is defined. Each of these three components in the future act as criteria for the development of the phenomenon under study. The author designed a model of integrated key competence of future skilled sewing workers, which reflects the relationship and interdependence of all its components, which structure the current abilities of future professionals in this field.

Professional training in the context of reforming the education sector acquires new aspects and forms of implementation of educational programs, taking into account the personality-oriented trajectory of individual professional growth of each subject of the educational process. The solution of the problem is relevant nowadays: what is important in the process of personal and professional development – personalization or personification of the educational process? The article highlights the features of personalization and personification of professional training, reveals and clarifies their essence, provides an analysis of scientific publications on this issue; the need to introduce a personalized approach, which is an important means of achieving this goal. Theoretical bases of personalization and personification of professional training, features of the organization of educational activity covering cognitive, informational, scientific-innovative, social, administrative spheres are characterized. It is proved that important conditions for personalization of the educational process in higher education institutions are the cultural impulse in the idea of democratization and construction of society and man, the tradition of socio-humanitarian thought, individualization of education and so on.

The article theoretically substantiates the influence of participation in student government on the development of leadership qualities of future teachers. The complex of leadership qualities of a modern teacher, which is formed in higher education students during their studies in the higher education institution (HEI), namely initiative, organization, communication, responsibility, creativity, critical thinking, research qualities, emotional intelligence, social activity, strategic vision, ability to work in a team, social adaptability, ability to lead, tolerance, willingness to come to the rescue, honesty and reliability, has been defined. These qualities will help a future teacher to carry out their own professional activities at a high level; will promote the development of skills to quickly establish contacts; direct class work; find quick and unusual solutions to problems; feel and understand the inner world of others; set short and long life goals and achieve them; work in a team; etc. This indicates that the graduate of the HEI must have a full set of leadership qualities that will contribute to his successful professional activity and will actively influence the development of relevant qualities in his students. Student government is emphasized as a self-organized activity that develops the leadership qualities of students, skills to work in a team, plan and predict their own team activities, creativity, critical thinking. An example of the implementation of the role-playing game «Day of Student Government», tested by us at Bar Humanitarian and Pedagogical College named after Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, as a component of interactive technology aimed at developing leadership qualities of future teachers in the process of attracting to the activities of student government bodies, is proposed.

The article highlights the actual problem of the dependence of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists on the use of an educational project in the educational process. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the influence of the use of an educational project in the educational activities of a higher educational institution on the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists. The content and structure of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists have been determined, which is considered as a complex of characteristics of future specialists, contains psychological knowledge, skills, motivational, emotional processes, personal properties that help to carry out professional activities, self-improvement, and consists of motivational, emotional, activity, personal, cognitive components. The experience of the formation of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists with the help of an educational project introduced into the educational process of the Institute of Philology of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University is characterized. Among the research tools were used: diagnostic methods for studying the components, indicators of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists, the experimental method, the comparison method, and correlation analysis. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the results of a survey of future specialists who underwent diagnostics on the problems of studying the level of the psychological component of professional competence for use in the educational process of an educational project and after. The experiment involved 227 future specialists in the specialty «035 Philology». Through experimental activities, the features of the application of the educational project in the educational process of the institution have been determined. It was revealed that the level of the psychological component of professional competence before the implementation of the educational project was lower than the level of the studied phenomenon after the application of the project in the educational process. The results of the analysis showed that the process of creating and implementing an educational project by future specialists affects the formation of the psychological component of students’ professional competence.

This review article discusses some of the problems associated with teaching fundamental medical disciplines «Medical and Biological Physics» and «Medical Informatics» in 10 universities from 7 European countries. A comparison is made of the organization of teaching these natural disciplines (in particular, the volume of classroom hours) at the Bogomolets National Medical University and other European medical universities for the specialty «Medicine». It was found that in the absolute majority of 8 out of 9 European universities (medical faculties) more classroom hours are allocated for the study of obligatory physical disciplines (for some universities 2–3 times more) than at the Bogomolets National Medical University. The discipline «Medical Informatics and Foundations of Scientific Research» is approved in the working curriculum of the Bogomolets National Medical University for the 2021-2022 academic year not as obligatory, but as a variable discipline which students of the 1st year of study can choose with a prior probability that is equal to 0.5. The importance of teaching the disciplines «Medical and biological physics» and «Medical informatics» as an integral part of the medical industry and medical education is emphasized. It is these directions of science and technology as well as academic disciplines (together with biomedical engineering) that provided a reliable basis to create precision and high-tech medical equipment for diagnostics and treatment, ranging from X-ray and cardiography devices and ending at the moment with the Da Vinci surgical robotic system for minimally invasive interventions, as well as medical imaging system using combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

The authors of the article offer their understanding of the actual meanings of interactive lectures as the important component of the cloud-oriented learning environment of the medical university. We use different research methods for data collection: analysis and generalization of scientific sources to substantiate the theoretical research platform; modeling and research teaching method to determine the components of a lecture and clarify the conditions for conducting interactive lectures; sociometric analysis of the effectiveness of interaction within a small group to assess learning outcomes in different lecture formats. Two lecture formats (with elements of interactive media and interactive) while teaching of clinical disciplines in Donetsk National Medical University is described. The organizational and didactic conditions for conducting interactive lectures on clinical disciplines have been determined and characterized. The organizational conditions include educational resources and active elements of the Moodle educational platform: flexible & functional design of an interactive lecture; cognitive and motivational criteria of the effectiveness of an interactive lecture. It is concluded, that didactic principles of teaching (scientificity, the continuity of obtaining scientific knowledge and the formation of clinical experience, students’ activity and cognitive creative independence, interactivity) ensure the effectiveness of interactive lectures. It has been proven that inquiry-based learning and evidence-based medicine principles enhance the conversion of passive presentation of educational material into communication practices aimed at the development of clinical thinking in students. The authors came to the conclusion that tutoring provides the creation of an individual educational trajectory, contributes to the formation of social skills and professional reflection in the future neurologist.

The article identifies and reveals the content of current scientific approaches to the process of praxeological competence formation of future masters in dentistry. Analysis of native and foreign scientific sources, comparison of research results, discussions with teaching staff of medical universities determined the benefit of applying systemic, student-centered, activity, competence, contextual, synergistic approaches in the educational process of medical universities. The systemic scientific approach is implemented by creating a system of components with established relationships between which there is an interaction. The system of future dentists’ professional training involves components of educational process that, in turn, are the subsystem of Higher Education system of Ukraine. The student-centered approach aims to implement the individual approach to each student. It allows to help each student think creative and critically. The activity approach assumes the maturity of a graduate of a medical university to manage nonstandard professional situations. This approach identifies the precise ways of certain competence formation. The competence approach ensures the implementation of skills in professional activity. The contextual approach requires creating real life environment. The last is synergetic approach that promotes self-realization and self-development of the future dentists by establishing cooperation between the participants of the educational process. The article also describes peculiarities of mentioned scientific approaches implementation into practice of medical universities’ educational process. Moreover, the article proves that the combination of these scientific and methodological approaches into the complex will improve the quality and effectiveness of the process of future dentists’ praxeological competence formation.